Sentry Page Protection
Please Wait...
Rules for Government Employees - 1905
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 1/14
DIVISIONS
Upper Burma was divided by a notification, dated the 29th of November, 1886, into the Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern Divisions. The names of these four divisions were changed in 1897 to Mandalay, Sagaing, Minbu, and Meiktila, respectively.
The Mandalay Division is divided into the five districts of Mandalay, Bhamo, Myitkyina, Katha, and Ruby Mines.
The Sagaing Division contains the districts of Shwebo, Sagaing, Lower Chindwin, and Upper Chindwin.
The Minbu Division is divided into the four districts of Thayetmyo, Pakokku, Minbu, and Magwe.
The Meiktila Division is divided into four districts, — Kyaukse, Meiktila, Yamethin, and Myingyan. Kyaukse district has two subdivisions and three townships, Meiktila two subdivisions and four townships, Yamethin two subdivisions and five townships, and Myingyan two subdivisions and six townships.
DEPUTY COMMISSIONERS
Under the Commissioners are thirty-six Deputy Commissioners, including the police officers in charge of the Northern Arakan and Salween districts, who exercise the powers of a Deputy Commissioner. The Deputy Commissioners perform the functions of District Magistrates, District Judges, Collectors, and Registrars, and the miscellaneous duties which fall to the principal District Officer as the representative of the Government.
Subordinate to the Deputy Commissioners are Assistant Commissioners, Extra Assistant Commissioners, and Myooks, who are invested with various magisterial, civil, and revenue powers, and hold charge of the townships, as the units of regular civil and revenue jurisdiction are called, and the subdivisions of districts into which most of these townships are grouped. Among the salaried staff of officials the Township Officers (Myooks) are the ultimate representatives of Government who come into most direct contact with the people.
THE SUBORDINATE CIVIL SERVICE OF BURMA
The Subordinate Civil Service of Burma is filled almost entirely by natives of the country. The officers of this service are called Myook (literally, "Township Officer") but they fill other posts than that of Township Officer, for
DIVISIONS
Upper Burma was divided by a notification, dated the 29th of November, 1886, into the Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern Divisions. The names of these four divisions were changed in 1897 to Mandalay, Sagaing, Minbu, and Meiktila, respectively.
The Mandalay Division is divided into the five districts of Mandalay, Bhamo, Myitkyina, Katha, and Ruby Mines.
The Sagaing Division contains the districts of Shwebo, Sagaing, Lower Chindwin, and Upper Chindwin.
The Minbu Division is divided into the four districts of Thayetmyo, Pakokku, Minbu, and Magwe.
The Meiktila Division is divided into four districts, — Kyaukse, Meiktila, Yamethin, and Myingyan. Kyaukse district has two subdivisions and three townships, Meiktila two subdivisions and four townships, Yamethin two subdivisions and five townships, and Myingyan two subdivisions and six townships.
DEPUTY COMMISSIONERS
Under the Commissioners are thirty-six Deputy Commissioners, including the police officers in charge of the Northern Arakan and Salween districts, who exercise the powers of a Deputy Commissioner. The Deputy Commissioners perform the functions of District Magistrates, District Judges, Collectors, and Registrars, and the miscellaneous duties which fall to the principal District Officer as the representative of the Government.
Subordinate to the Deputy Commissioners are Assistant Commissioners, Extra Assistant Commissioners, and Myooks, who are invested with various magisterial, civil, and revenue powers, and hold charge of the townships, as the units of regular civil and revenue jurisdiction are called, and the subdivisions of districts into which most of these townships are grouped. Among the salaried staff of officials the Township Officers (Myooks) are the ultimate representatives of Government who come into most direct contact with the people.
THE SUBORDINATE CIVIL SERVICE OF BURMA
The Subordinate Civil Service of Burma is filled almost entirely by natives of the country. The officers of this service are called Myook (literally, "Township Officer") but they fill other posts than that of Township Officer, for
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 2/14
example, posts as Treasury Officers, Sub-divisional Officers, Additional Magistrates, and Akunwun (head Revenue Officer of a District). The members of the Subordinate Civil Service far outnumber those of the Indian Civil Service and the Provincial Civil Service. In July, 1905, there were less than one hundred members of the Indian Civil Service serving in Burma, less than fifty European members of the Provincial Civil Service, and more than 350 native members of the Subordinate Civil Service. An official of the Subordinate Civil Service may be promoted to the Provincial Civil Service and to any post in the Province which is open to members of the Provincial Civil Service.
The following are the rules, as in force in 1905, for admission to the Subordinate Civil Service of Burma:-
1. An application for admission to the roll of competitive candidates for appointments in the Subordinate Civil Service shall, as a rule, be made through the Deputy Commissioner of the district to which the applicant belongs, or in which he is serving or living at the time. Every application shall be accompanied by a medical certificate from a Medical Officer in charge of a civil station testifying to the applicant's physical and constitutional fitness for active work. Applicants must be natives of India, as defined in section 6 of 33 Victoria, Chapter III, or natives of some country immediately contiguous to British India.
2. It will be in the discretion of the Deputy Commissioner to forward such application to the Commissioner of the Division or not. If the Deputy Commissioner refuse the application, the applicant may represent the matter to the Commissioner, whose decision shall be final.
3. If the application be forwarded, a nomination-roll in the form annexed shall be submitted. The Deputy Commissioner shall record a distinct opinion regarding the applicant's qualification for office. No applicant shall be nominated more than once. A certificate signed by the Deputy Commissioner to the effect that the person nominated has not previously been admitted as a candidate shall be submitted with the application.
4. If the Commissioner approve the nomination, he shall forward the papers to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Burma, with a clear expression of opinion respecting the applicant and with a statement that he is willing to have the candidate, if successful, appointed to be a Myook in the division.
example, posts as Treasury Officers, Sub-divisional Officers, Additional Magistrates, and Akunwun (head Revenue Officer of a District). The members of the Subordinate Civil Service far outnumber those of the Indian Civil Service and the Provincial Civil Service. In July, 1905, there were less than one hundred members of the Indian Civil Service serving in Burma, less than fifty European members of the Provincial Civil Service, and more than 350 native members of the Subordinate Civil Service. An official of the Subordinate Civil Service may be promoted to the Provincial Civil Service and to any post in the Province which is open to members of the Provincial Civil Service.
The following are the rules, as in force in 1905, for admission to the Subordinate Civil Service of Burma:-
1. An application for admission to the roll of competitive candidates for appointments in the Subordinate Civil Service shall, as a rule, be made through the Deputy Commissioner of the district to which the applicant belongs, or in which he is serving or living at the time. Every application shall be accompanied by a medical certificate from a Medical Officer in charge of a civil station testifying to the applicant's physical and constitutional fitness for active work. Applicants must be natives of India, as defined in section 6 of 33 Victoria, Chapter III, or natives of some country immediately contiguous to British India.
2. It will be in the discretion of the Deputy Commissioner to forward such application to the Commissioner of the Division or not. If the Deputy Commissioner refuse the application, the applicant may represent the matter to the Commissioner, whose decision shall be final.
3. If the application be forwarded, a nomination-roll in the form annexed shall be submitted. The Deputy Commissioner shall record a distinct opinion regarding the applicant's qualification for office. No applicant shall be nominated more than once. A certificate signed by the Deputy Commissioner to the effect that the person nominated has not previously been admitted as a candidate shall be submitted with the application.
4. If the Commissioner approve the nomination, he shall forward the papers to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Burma, with a clear expression of opinion respecting the applicant and with a statement that he is willing to have the candidate, if successful, appointed to be a Myook in the division.
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 3/14
5. Commissioners of Divisions and Heads of Departments may, without any recommendation from the Deputy Commissioner, send to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Burma nominations of candidates who have served directly under their orders, or in respect to whose qualifications they may have had special opportunities of forming an opinion. All such nominations should give the information and be in the form required by Rules 1 and 3.
6. In recommending applicants for the appointment of Myook special weight should be given to the following points:-
Good character.
Education and knowledge of English.
Previous good service.
Constitutional and physical fitness for active work.
Hereditary claims.
7. If the Lieutenant-Governor approves the application, the applicant's name will be entered in the roll of competitive candidates, and two copies of the entry will be forwarded to the Commissioner or Head of Department who made the nomination, one to be filed in the office and the other to be given to the candidate.
8. "Candidate" means an applicant for appointment as Myook whose name has been entered on the roll of competitive candidates under Rule 7.
"Selected candidate" means a candidate who has been successful in the examination, as provided in Rule 13.
9. No person will be admitted to the roll of competitive candidates who is under 25 or over 30 years of age.
10. An annual examination of candidates shall be held in Rangoon in the month of October under the management of the Educational Syndicate, who will notify in the Burma Gazette the time and place of the examination. A list of the successful candidates will be published in the Burma Gazette.
A list of the candidates eligible for the ensuing examination will be published in the Burma Gazette not later than the 1st August of each year.
5. Commissioners of Divisions and Heads of Departments may, without any recommendation from the Deputy Commissioner, send to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Burma nominations of candidates who have served directly under their orders, or in respect to whose qualifications they may have had special opportunities of forming an opinion. All such nominations should give the information and be in the form required by Rules 1 and 3.
6. In recommending applicants for the appointment of Myook special weight should be given to the following points:-
Good character.
Education and knowledge of English.
Previous good service.
Constitutional and physical fitness for active work.
Hereditary claims.
7. If the Lieutenant-Governor approves the application, the applicant's name will be entered in the roll of competitive candidates, and two copies of the entry will be forwarded to the Commissioner or Head of Department who made the nomination, one to be filed in the office and the other to be given to the candidate.
8. "Candidate" means an applicant for appointment as Myook whose name has been entered on the roll of competitive candidates under Rule 7.
"Selected candidate" means a candidate who has been successful in the examination, as provided in Rule 13.
9. No person will be admitted to the roll of competitive candidates who is under 25 or over 30 years of age.
10. An annual examination of candidates shall be held in Rangoon in the month of October under the management of the Educational Syndicate, who will notify in the Burma Gazette the time and place of the examination. A list of the successful candidates will be published in the Burma Gazette.
A list of the candidates eligible for the ensuing examination will be published in the Burma Gazette not later than the 1st August of each year.
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 4/14
Each candidate who proposes to appear for examination must submit his name through the Deputy Commissioner of the district in which he is serving or permanently residing, or through the Head of his department to the registrar of the Educational Syndicate not later than the 1st September.
11. The number of appointments provisionally thrown open each year to competition will be notified in the Burma Gazette not later than the 1st September. A candidate may compete at one or both of the two examinations immediately succeeding the date of his admission to the roll of candidates and no more.
12. On and after January 1st 1892 and to the 31st December 1893 no person shall be nominated as a candidate who has not passed one of the following educational tests:-
(a) Any Indian University examination, or such other examination as may be considered by the Educational Syndicate to be equivalent thereto.
(b) The Seventh Standard examination in Burma.
On and after the 1st January 1894 no person shall be nominated as a candidate who has not passed the F. A.* examination of an Indian University.
Men who are actually in the employment of the Government on the 1st January 1894 may be exempted from the operation of this rule.
13. The subjects of examination will be the following:-
I. Burmese Reading, handwriting, composition, and conversation
II. English Reading, handwriting, composition, and conversation
III. Law The Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Burma Land and Revenue Act and Rules, and the Evidence Act
IV. Arithmetic
V. Surveying
Burmese, arithmetic, and surveying will be compulsory, and the remaining subjects will be optional. A candidate, before he is allowed marks in any other subject, must obtain not less than half mark Burmese and not less than one-third marks in arithmetic and surveying. A deduction of 20 per cent, of the full marks will be made from the
Each candidate who proposes to appear for examination must submit his name through the Deputy Commissioner of the district in which he is serving or permanently residing, or through the Head of his department to the registrar of the Educational Syndicate not later than the 1st September.
11. The number of appointments provisionally thrown open each year to competition will be notified in the Burma Gazette not later than the 1st September. A candidate may compete at one or both of the two examinations immediately succeeding the date of his admission to the roll of candidates and no more.
12. On and after January 1st 1892 and to the 31st December 1893 no person shall be nominated as a candidate who has not passed one of the following educational tests:-
(a) Any Indian University examination, or such other examination as may be considered by the Educational Syndicate to be equivalent thereto.
(b) The Seventh Standard examination in Burma.
On and after the 1st January 1894 no person shall be nominated as a candidate who has not passed the F. A.* examination of an Indian University.
Men who are actually in the employment of the Government on the 1st January 1894 may be exempted from the operation of this rule.
13. The subjects of examination will be the following:-
I. Burmese Reading, handwriting, composition, and conversation
II. English Reading, handwriting, composition, and conversation
III. Law The Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Burma Land and Revenue Act and Rules, and the Evidence Act
IV. Arithmetic
V. Surveying
Burmese, arithmetic, and surveying will be compulsory, and the remaining subjects will be optional. A candidate, before he is allowed marks in any other subject, must obtain not less than half mark Burmese and not less than one-third marks in arithmetic and surveying. A deduction of 20 per cent, of the full marks will be made from the
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 5/14
marks obtained in every subject but Burmese. In Burmese, if a candidate obtain more than half the marks, all the marks obtained will be credited. In the other subjects only the marks in excess of 20 per cent, of maximum in each will be credited. The aggregate of the marks obtained under this rule will determine the position of the candidate.
14. The papers in Burmese will be of the standard of the Provincial Vernacular IXth standard examination; in English and arithmetic of the Calcutta University Entrance Examination; in Law of the standard of the 1st grade Pleaders' Examination ; and in Surveying of the standard of the Subordinate Revenue and Land Records Officers' examination.
15. Ordinarily, when a vacancy occurs in any division, the selected candidate highest on the list will be appointed. If such vacancy be temporary only, and the selected candidate has to vacate the appointment, his name will be retained in its original place on the list.
16. The Lieutenant-Governor reserves to himself the right of appointing any selected candidate, irrespective of his position on the list, or any persons other than the selected candidate should the exigencies of the public service render such a course necessary.
17. Selected candidates will be appointed to be Myooks, 5th grade, on probation for six months. They will be liable to forfeit their appointments if after a period of three months' training they fail to pass an examination in Land Records work and surveying or if, at the end of six months' training, they are reported by the Deputy Commissioner to be unfit for the charge of a township.
18. Each successful candidate must report himself to the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, in order that he may appear before a Medical Board at Rangoon as soon as possible after the result of the examination. No candidate will be considered eligible for an appointment as Myook unless the Medical Board certifies that he is constitutionally and physically thoroughly fit for active service.
marks obtained in every subject but Burmese. In Burmese, if a candidate obtain more than half the marks, all the marks obtained will be credited. In the other subjects only the marks in excess of 20 per cent, of maximum in each will be credited. The aggregate of the marks obtained under this rule will determine the position of the candidate.
14. The papers in Burmese will be of the standard of the Provincial Vernacular IXth standard examination; in English and arithmetic of the Calcutta University Entrance Examination; in Law of the standard of the 1st grade Pleaders' Examination ; and in Surveying of the standard of the Subordinate Revenue and Land Records Officers' examination.
15. Ordinarily, when a vacancy occurs in any division, the selected candidate highest on the list will be appointed. If such vacancy be temporary only, and the selected candidate has to vacate the appointment, his name will be retained in its original place on the list.
16. The Lieutenant-Governor reserves to himself the right of appointing any selected candidate, irrespective of his position on the list, or any persons other than the selected candidate should the exigencies of the public service render such a course necessary.
17. Selected candidates will be appointed to be Myooks, 5th grade, on probation for six months. They will be liable to forfeit their appointments if after a period of three months' training they fail to pass an examination in Land Records work and surveying or if, at the end of six months' training, they are reported by the Deputy Commissioner to be unfit for the charge of a township.
18. Each successful candidate must report himself to the Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals, in order that he may appear before a Medical Board at Rangoon as soon as possible after the result of the examination. No candidate will be considered eligible for an appointment as Myook unless the Medical Board certifies that he is constitutionally and physically thoroughly fit for active service.
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 6/14
NOMINATION-ROLL OF CANDIDATE FOR SUBORDINATE CIVIL SERVICE.
Description of Candidate
Name
Son of
Born at on the of 18
Educated at
Personal marks of identity
Relatives in Government service now and their appointments
Nominated - On the of 19 . ., by .....
Qualifications
Examinations passed
Acquainted with what languages and to what extent
The several situations in which previously employed
Government, Municipal, or private
How employed now
Extract of description of character from service-book
Abstract of testimonials in consecutive order according to date
Substance of medical certificate
Examinations for Government service at which he has appeared and result
Remarks and recommendations -
Nominating Officer -
RULES FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF CLERKS IN BURMA.
1. The following rules shall regulate appointments to clerkships and other similar posts in all civil offices under the Local Government, excepting -
NOMINATION-ROLL OF CANDIDATE FOR SUBORDINATE CIVIL SERVICE.
Description of Candidate
Name
Son of
Born at on the of 18
Educated at
Personal marks of identity
Relatives in Government service now and their appointments
Nominated - On the of 19 . ., by .....
Qualifications
Examinations passed
Acquainted with what languages and to what extent
The several situations in which previously employed
Government, Municipal, or private
How employed now
Extract of description of character from service-book
Abstract of testimonials in consecutive order according to date
Substance of medical certificate
Examinations for Government service at which he has appeared and result
Remarks and recommendations -
Nominating Officer -
RULES FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF CLERKS IN BURMA.
1. The following rules shall regulate appointments to clerkships and other similar posts in all civil offices under the Local Government, excepting -
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 7/14
(a) The Accountant-General's office;
(b) Treasury offices;
(c) Offices pertaining to the Public Works, Post Office (District Post) and Inland Trade Departments;
(d) Offices in the Shan States;
(e) Offices in the Chin and Kachin Hills;
(f) Settlement offices in Upper Burma;
(g) Offices in the Mogok and Mong Mit* subdivisions, under the direct control of the Deputy Commissioner, Ruby Mines district (including the office of the Battalion Commandant, Ruby Mines Military Police Battalion) ;
(h) Any office especially exempted by the Lieutenant-Governor from the operation of these rules.
In making appointments and promotions in the exempted offices preference should be given, other things being equal, to persons who possess the qualifications prescribed by these rules.
2. If any clerk, or apprentice clerk, is found at any time to have been appointed in contravention of these rules, or of the rules in force at the time when he was appointed, he must either be removed from his appointment or the case must be reported for the orders of the Local Government.
3. Clerks, or apprentice clerks, employed in Government offices, other than those to which these rules apply, wall not be eligible for transfer, without the sanction of the Lieutenant-Governor, to any office to which these rules apply, unless at the time of transfer they are qualified otherwise than by reason of service in such exempted office.
(a) The Accountant-General's office;
(b) Treasury offices;
(c) Offices pertaining to the Public Works, Post Office (District Post) and Inland Trade Departments;
(d) Offices in the Shan States;
(e) Offices in the Chin and Kachin Hills;
(f) Settlement offices in Upper Burma;
(g) Offices in the Mogok and Mong Mit* subdivisions, under the direct control of the Deputy Commissioner, Ruby Mines district (including the office of the Battalion Commandant, Ruby Mines Military Police Battalion) ;
(h) Any office especially exempted by the Lieutenant-Governor from the operation of these rules.
In making appointments and promotions in the exempted offices preference should be given, other things being equal, to persons who possess the qualifications prescribed by these rules.
2. If any clerk, or apprentice clerk, is found at any time to have been appointed in contravention of these rules, or of the rules in force at the time when he was appointed, he must either be removed from his appointment or the case must be reported for the orders of the Local Government.
3. Clerks, or apprentice clerks, employed in Government offices, other than those to which these rules apply, wall not be eligible for transfer, without the sanction of the Lieutenant-Governor, to any office to which these rules apply, unless at the time of transfer they are qualified otherwise than by reason of service in such exempted office.
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 8/14
4. No unpaid clerks shall be employed, except -
(a) apprentice clerks;
(b) sons of Government officials attached temporarily to an office for the purpose of acquiring a knowledge of office routine and accounts.
5. The number of apprentice clerks to be employed in his own office and in offices subordinate to him shall be fixed from time to time by each Commissioner, Divisional Judge and Head of a Department. The number shall be so fixed that an apprentice whose work is approved shall be likely to obtain a continuous appointment within two years at most.
6. No person shall be appointed to be an apprentice clerk unless –
(a) he is over 18 and under 25 years of age;
(b) he produces a certificate of having passed the seventh standard examination (Vernacular or Anglo-Vernacular) in Burma, or such other examination as may be considered by the Educational Syndicate to be equivalent or more than equivalent thereto;
(c) he produces a certificate from his last employer, from the Principal or Head Master of a school, from the Principal of a college or from a gazetted officer to the effect that he is believed to be honest, sober and truthful, and to enjoy good health.
7. An apprentice clerk shall not be allowed to remain in any office after he has completed two years of apprenticeship unless -
(a) he is officiating in a paid appointment; or
(b) he has officiated in a paid appointment and given satisfaction therein for three months at least and is likely to obtain a paid appointment within three months.
4. No unpaid clerks shall be employed, except -
(a) apprentice clerks;
(b) sons of Government officials attached temporarily to an office for the purpose of acquiring a knowledge of office routine and accounts.
5. The number of apprentice clerks to be employed in his own office and in offices subordinate to him shall be fixed from time to time by each Commissioner, Divisional Judge and Head of a Department. The number shall be so fixed that an apprentice whose work is approved shall be likely to obtain a continuous appointment within two years at most.
6. No person shall be appointed to be an apprentice clerk unless –
(a) he is over 18 and under 25 years of age;
(b) he produces a certificate of having passed the seventh standard examination (Vernacular or Anglo-Vernacular) in Burma, or such other examination as may be considered by the Educational Syndicate to be equivalent or more than equivalent thereto;
(c) he produces a certificate from his last employer, from the Principal or Head Master of a school, from the Principal of a college or from a gazetted officer to the effect that he is believed to be honest, sober and truthful, and to enjoy good health.
7. An apprentice clerk shall not be allowed to remain in any office after he has completed two years of apprenticeship unless -
(a) he is officiating in a paid appointment; or
(b) he has officiated in a paid appointment and given satisfaction therein for three months at least and is likely to obtain a paid appointment within three months.
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 9/14
8. No son of a Government official shall be attached to any office under Rule 4 (ii), except under the order of the head of the office, and in offices under the control of a Deputy Commissioner with the Deputy Commissioner's written sanction.
9. Apprentices who do not seem likely to become useful clerks shall be discharged.
10. The following persons only may be appointed or promoted to clerkships on pay exceeding Rs. 150p.m:-
(a) Persons who have passed the F.A. examination of an Indian University or equivalent.
(b) Persons who have been continuously in the service of Government as clerks (whether paid or apprentices) from the 31st December 1891, and who have passed the Clerkship examination held under the rules previously in force or the Seventh Standard examination (Vernacular or Anglo-Vernacular) in Burma
(c) Persons who have been continuously in the service of Government as paid clerks from the 31st Dec. 1891, and who, on the 1st Jan. 1892, held an appointment the pay of which exceeded Rs. 50.
11. The following persons only may be appointed or promoted to clerkships on pay exceeding Rs. 50, but not exceeding Rs.150 p.m:-
(a) Possess the qualifications required by Rule 11;
(b) have passed the Clerkship examination or the entrance Examination of an Indian University;
(c) Have been continuously in Government employment from 30/6/1901, and had passed the seventh standard examination and had obtained a paid clerkship before the 30th July 1898.
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 10/14
12. The following persons only may be appointed or promoted to clerkships on pay not exceeding Rs. 50
(a) Persons possessing the qualifications required by Rule 12;
(b) Persons who have passed the seventh standard;
(c) Persons who have been continuously in the service of Govt. as clerks from the 31st Dec. 1891.
In applying Rules 11 to 13 the provisions of Rule 3 must be borne in mind.
13. Appointments shall not be made from among apprentices merely on account of seniority. Educational qualifications and personal ability shall be regarded as of superior importance.
14. Heads of offices may appoint, for a period of not more than three months, any person to fill an acting vacancy or for the temporary conduct of the duties of any officer.
15. No permanent appointment or promotion to any paid clerkship in any office to which these rules apply will be accepted by the Audit Department or by the Treasury, unless the first entry of the new name in the pay-bill is supported by copies of the necessary certificates to show that the person appointed or promoted is eligible and was appointed or promoted in accordance with these rules.
OFFICERS WHO ARE REQUIRED TO PASS EXAMINATIONS IN THE BURMESE LANGUAGE
Class I. - Officers of the Commission.
Class II. - Non-Burman Extra Assistant Commissioners, Myooks, Assistant Superintendents of Police, Superintendents of Jails, and Civil Surgeons.
Assistant Commissioners must pass an examination in Civil and Criminal Law, Revenue Laws and Rules, and Treasury Accounts and Procedure. An Assistant Commissioner cannot be promoted beyond the rank of fourth grade till he has passed in Law, Revenue, and Treasury by the higher standard; and an Assistant Commissioner of the fourth grade cannot draw more than Rs. 450p.m. till he has passed in Law, Revenue, and Treasury by the lower
12. The following persons only may be appointed or promoted to clerkships on pay not exceeding Rs. 50
(a) Persons possessing the qualifications required by Rule 12;
(b) Persons who have passed the seventh standard;
(c) Persons who have been continuously in the service of Govt. as clerks from the 31st Dec. 1891.
In applying Rules 11 to 13 the provisions of Rule 3 must be borne in mind.
13. Appointments shall not be made from among apprentices merely on account of seniority. Educational qualifications and personal ability shall be regarded as of superior importance.
14. Heads of offices may appoint, for a period of not more than three months, any person to fill an acting vacancy or for the temporary conduct of the duties of any officer.
15. No permanent appointment or promotion to any paid clerkship in any office to which these rules apply will be accepted by the Audit Department or by the Treasury, unless the first entry of the new name in the pay-bill is supported by copies of the necessary certificates to show that the person appointed or promoted is eligible and was appointed or promoted in accordance with these rules.
OFFICERS WHO ARE REQUIRED TO PASS EXAMINATIONS IN THE BURMESE LANGUAGE
Class I. - Officers of the Commission.
Class II. - Non-Burman Extra Assistant Commissioners, Myooks, Assistant Superintendents of Police, Superintendents of Jails, and Civil Surgeons.
Assistant Commissioners must pass an examination in Civil and Criminal Law, Revenue Laws and Rules, and Treasury Accounts and Procedure. An Assistant Commissioner cannot be promoted beyond the rank of fourth grade till he has passed in Law, Revenue, and Treasury by the higher standard; and an Assistant Commissioner of the fourth grade cannot draw more than Rs. 450p.m. till he has passed in Law, Revenue, and Treasury by the lower
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 11/14
standard, or more than Rs. 475p.m. till he has passed these subjects by the higher standard.
The examination in Criminal Law includes the Criminal Procedure Code, the Indian Penal Code, the Police Act, 1861, and a number of Acts and Regulations applying to Burma. The examination in Civil Law includes the Indian Evidence Act, the Code of Civil Procedure, and a number of Acts and Regulations applying to Burma. The examination in Revenue includes various Acts and Rules relating to the assessment and collection of revenue in Upper and Lower Burma.
The examination inTreasury consists of questions on Treasury Accounts and Procedure set from the Civil Account Code. The examination is the same in each case for the higher and lower grade, the number of marks obtained by the candidate determining whether he has passed the former or the latter.
Myooks (Township Officers) are subject to the same examinations as Assistant Commissioners; but certain modifications are permitted, such as the exemption of Myooks who are natives of Burma from the language test or from questions in regard to any Act or Rule which has not been translated into Burmese for at least one year prior to the examination.
The principal law officers of the Government of Burma are the Government Advocate, the Assistant Government Advocate, an Official Assignee and Receiver, six Government Prosecutors stationed respectively at Rangoon, Mandalay, Moulmein, Bassein, Akyab, and Pyapon, three Registrars and two Assistant Registrars of Law Courts. It is not necessary for the purposes of this Report to enter into any account of the duties of these officials: they are such as are ordinarily performed by such officials in all countries.
PLEADERS & ADVOCATES
In Upper Burma there are no Pleaders; but there are three grades of Advocates.
An Advocate of the First Grade in Upper Burma must be qualified to practise as a Barrister in England or Ireland, or as an Advocate in the Supreme Court of Scotland, or a Solicitor in certain High Courts in the United Kingdom, or as an Attorney in any High Court in India, or as Pleader in certain High Courts in India, or as an Advocate of the
standard, or more than Rs. 475p.m. till he has passed these subjects by the higher standard.
The examination in Criminal Law includes the Criminal Procedure Code, the Indian Penal Code, the Police Act, 1861, and a number of Acts and Regulations applying to Burma. The examination in Civil Law includes the Indian Evidence Act, the Code of Civil Procedure, and a number of Acts and Regulations applying to Burma. The examination in Revenue includes various Acts and Rules relating to the assessment and collection of revenue in Upper and Lower Burma.
The examination inTreasury consists of questions on Treasury Accounts and Procedure set from the Civil Account Code. The examination is the same in each case for the higher and lower grade, the number of marks obtained by the candidate determining whether he has passed the former or the latter.
Myooks (Township Officers) are subject to the same examinations as Assistant Commissioners; but certain modifications are permitted, such as the exemption of Myooks who are natives of Burma from the language test or from questions in regard to any Act or Rule which has not been translated into Burmese for at least one year prior to the examination.
The principal law officers of the Government of Burma are the Government Advocate, the Assistant Government Advocate, an Official Assignee and Receiver, six Government Prosecutors stationed respectively at Rangoon, Mandalay, Moulmein, Bassein, Akyab, and Pyapon, three Registrars and two Assistant Registrars of Law Courts. It is not necessary for the purposes of this Report to enter into any account of the duties of these officials: they are such as are ordinarily performed by such officials in all countries.
PLEADERS & ADVOCATES
In Upper Burma there are no Pleaders; but there are three grades of Advocates.
An Advocate of the First Grade in Upper Burma must be qualified to practise as a Barrister in England or Ireland, or as an Advocate in the Supreme Court of Scotland, or a Solicitor in certain High Courts in the United Kingdom, or as an Attorney in any High Court in India, or as Pleader in certain High Courts in India, or as an Advocate of the
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 12/14
First Grade in Lower Burma, or he must have passed the examination prescribed for Advocates of the First Grade. The qualifications for admission as an Advocate of the Second or Third Grade are less exacting. The lowest qualification is that of having passed within one year of the application for admission as an Advocate of the Third Grade the examination for an Advocate of the Third Grade under the Rules in force in Upper or in Lower Burma.
PUNITIVE POLICE
For the better preservation of law and order the Government of Burma is empowered, under the Police Act of 1861, to assign an additional force of police to any district or area which is in a dangerous or disturbed state, or in which the general conduct of the inhabitants points to the need of closer police supervision.
Such additional police are known as Punitive Police; and the cost of placing and maintaining them in a district falls directly on the people of the district. The cost is made up of the pay of the force, the expense of building police-stations or barracks, clothing and other contingent charges of the force, and travelling charges.
The strength of a Punitive Police Force and the length of time for which it may be quartered in a district vary with the circumstances of each case. Usually the force consists of fifteen or twenty men under a native officer, and it is quartered in a district for six months, at a cost to the inhabitants varying from a few hundred rupees to several thousands, according to the number of men in the force.
The use of punitive police has been found necessary on very few occasions in recent years. In 1900 a punitive force of one sergeant and ten constables was quartered on the inhabitants of two villages in the Henzada District at a cost of Rs. 1,674, and a force of four constables on a village in the Thaton District at a cost of Rs. 355. In 1901 two forces were quartered in Henzada at a cost of Rs. 3,481. In 1902, 1903, 1904, no punitive police were employed. In 1905 punitive police were employed in four cases in the Maubin, Sagaing, and Meiktila Districts. The total cost of the four forces was Rs. 12,602.
EDUCATION
The problem of the education of European and Eurasian children in India has been anxiously considered by the Government of India on many occasions. As long ago as 1860 Lord Canning wrote that “If measures for educating this class were not promptly and vigorously taken in hand, it would grow into a profitless and unmanageable
First Grade in Lower Burma, or he must have passed the examination prescribed for Advocates of the First Grade. The qualifications for admission as an Advocate of the Second or Third Grade are less exacting. The lowest qualification is that of having passed within one year of the application for admission as an Advocate of the Third Grade the examination for an Advocate of the Third Grade under the Rules in force in Upper or in Lower Burma.
PUNITIVE POLICE
For the better preservation of law and order the Government of Burma is empowered, under the Police Act of 1861, to assign an additional force of police to any district or area which is in a dangerous or disturbed state, or in which the general conduct of the inhabitants points to the need of closer police supervision.
Such additional police are known as Punitive Police; and the cost of placing and maintaining them in a district falls directly on the people of the district. The cost is made up of the pay of the force, the expense of building police-stations or barracks, clothing and other contingent charges of the force, and travelling charges.
The strength of a Punitive Police Force and the length of time for which it may be quartered in a district vary with the circumstances of each case. Usually the force consists of fifteen or twenty men under a native officer, and it is quartered in a district for six months, at a cost to the inhabitants varying from a few hundred rupees to several thousands, according to the number of men in the force.
The use of punitive police has been found necessary on very few occasions in recent years. In 1900 a punitive force of one sergeant and ten constables was quartered on the inhabitants of two villages in the Henzada District at a cost of Rs. 1,674, and a force of four constables on a village in the Thaton District at a cost of Rs. 355. In 1901 two forces were quartered in Henzada at a cost of Rs. 3,481. In 1902, 1903, 1904, no punitive police were employed. In 1905 punitive police were employed in four cases in the Maubin, Sagaing, and Meiktila Districts. The total cost of the four forces was Rs. 12,602.
EDUCATION
The problem of the education of European and Eurasian children in India has been anxiously considered by the Government of India on many occasions. As long ago as 1860 Lord Canning wrote that “If measures for educating this class were not promptly and vigorously taken in hand, it would grow into a profitless and unmanageable
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 13/14
community, a source of danger rather than of strength to the State. “
Since then repeated efforts have been made both by the Government and by private agency to place the question on a satisfactory basis by establishing schools of various grades, both in the plains and in the hills, by giving liberal grants-in-aid, and by framing a code of regulations applicable to all forms of instruction that the circumstances require.
As a result of this action there are now more than 400 schools and colleges for Europeans in India, with nearly 30,000 scholars, costing annually 42 lakhs, of which 8 lakhs are contributed by public funds. Notwithstanding the expenditure incurred, recent inquiries have shown that a large proportion of these schools are both financially and educationally in an unsatisfactory condition.
Munificent endowments still support flourishing schools in certain places; but in some cases these endowments have been reduced by mismanagement; and too many of the schools are unable to support themselves in efficiency upon the fees of the scholars and the grants made by Government on the scale hitherto in force. Their most conspicuous want is well-qualified teachers, especially in schools for boys ; and this cannot be met so long as their financial position precludes them from offering to the members of their staff fair salaries, security of tenure, and reasonable prospects of advancement.
The Government in its turn is interested in maintaining a sufficient supply of well-educated Europeans to fill some of the posts for which officers are recruited in India; while without efficient schools the domiciled community must degenerate rapidly in this country. The Government of India are taking steps to ascertain and to supply the chief defects in the system. A single Inspector in each of the Provinces is being charged especially with the duty of inspecting European schools; a Training College for teachers in these schools is to be established at Allahabad, and stipends are to be provided for the students; a register of teachers will be formed, and, in future, no one will be employed without proper tutorial qualifications.
THE DEFINITION OF "EUROPEAN BRITISH SUBJECT" under the Code of Criminal Procedure was:-
Any subject of Her Majesty born, naturalised or domiciled in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland or in any of the European, American or Australasian Colonies or Possessions of Her Majesty, or in the Colony of
community, a source of danger rather than of strength to the State. “
Since then repeated efforts have been made both by the Government and by private agency to place the question on a satisfactory basis by establishing schools of various grades, both in the plains and in the hills, by giving liberal grants-in-aid, and by framing a code of regulations applicable to all forms of instruction that the circumstances require.
As a result of this action there are now more than 400 schools and colleges for Europeans in India, with nearly 30,000 scholars, costing annually 42 lakhs, of which 8 lakhs are contributed by public funds. Notwithstanding the expenditure incurred, recent inquiries have shown that a large proportion of these schools are both financially and educationally in an unsatisfactory condition.
Munificent endowments still support flourishing schools in certain places; but in some cases these endowments have been reduced by mismanagement; and too many of the schools are unable to support themselves in efficiency upon the fees of the scholars and the grants made by Government on the scale hitherto in force. Their most conspicuous want is well-qualified teachers, especially in schools for boys ; and this cannot be met so long as their financial position precludes them from offering to the members of their staff fair salaries, security of tenure, and reasonable prospects of advancement.
The Government in its turn is interested in maintaining a sufficient supply of well-educated Europeans to fill some of the posts for which officers are recruited in India; while without efficient schools the domiciled community must degenerate rapidly in this country. The Government of India are taking steps to ascertain and to supply the chief defects in the system. A single Inspector in each of the Provinces is being charged especially with the duty of inspecting European schools; a Training College for teachers in these schools is to be established at Allahabad, and stipends are to be provided for the students; a register of teachers will be formed, and, in future, no one will be employed without proper tutorial qualifications.
THE DEFINITION OF "EUROPEAN BRITISH SUBJECT" under the Code of Criminal Procedure was:-
Any subject of Her Majesty born, naturalised or domiciled in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland or in any of the European, American or Australasian Colonies or Possessions of Her Majesty, or in the Colony of
Rules for Government Employees - 1905 14/14
New Zealand or in the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope or Natal.
Any child or grandchild of any such person by legitimate descent.
THE DEFINITION OF EURASIAN
A Eurasian is a person born of a native East Indian mother and a European father.
REGULATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO THE CIVIL SERVICE OF INDIA.
1. An Examination for admission to the Civil Service of India, open to all qualified persons, will be held in London in August of each year. The date of the Examination and the number of appointments to be made for each Province will be announced beforehand by the Civil Service Commissioners.
2. No person will be deemed qualified who shall not satisfy the Civil Service Commissioners:-
(a) That he is a natural-born subject of His Majesty.
(b) That he had attained the age of twenty-one, and had not attained the age of twenty-three, on the first day of the year in which the Examination is held.
N.B. - In the case of Natives of India it will be necessary for a Candidate to obtain a certificate of age and nationality issued under Notification of the Government of India, No. 2252, dated 21st of August, 1888, as amended by Notification No. 404, dated 19th of May, 1898, and signed, should he be a resident in British India, by the Secretary to Government of the Province, or the Commissioner of the Division within which his family resides.
(c) That he has no disease, constitutional affection, or bodily infirmity unfitting him, or likely to unfit him for the Civil Service of India.
(d) That he is of good moral character.
COVENANTED and UN-COVENANTED
A Covenanted Civilian or an officer of the Army in civil employ, is obliged to retire after a certain period of service, unless it is injurious to the public interest that he should do so; but an Un-covenanted officer in a superior grade,
who has attained the age of fifty-five years, may be required to retire, unless the Local Government considers him efficient, and permits him to remain in the service. There is thus a clear distinction between the two classes of officers; for the former class is required, as a rule, to retire; while the latter is required, as a rule, to be retained, the result, in both cases alike, being decided by what is most expedient in the public interests.
New Zealand or in the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope or Natal.
Any child or grandchild of any such person by legitimate descent.
THE DEFINITION OF EURASIAN
A Eurasian is a person born of a native East Indian mother and a European father.
REGULATIONS FOR ADMISSION TO THE CIVIL SERVICE OF INDIA.
1. An Examination for admission to the Civil Service of India, open to all qualified persons, will be held in London in August of each year. The date of the Examination and the number of appointments to be made for each Province will be announced beforehand by the Civil Service Commissioners.
2. No person will be deemed qualified who shall not satisfy the Civil Service Commissioners:-
(a) That he is a natural-born subject of His Majesty.
(b) That he had attained the age of twenty-one, and had not attained the age of twenty-three, on the first day of the year in which the Examination is held.
N.B. - In the case of Natives of India it will be necessary for a Candidate to obtain a certificate of age and nationality issued under Notification of the Government of India, No. 2252, dated 21st of August, 1888, as amended by Notification No. 404, dated 19th of May, 1898, and signed, should he be a resident in British India, by the Secretary to Government of the Province, or the Commissioner of the Division within which his family resides.
(c) That he has no disease, constitutional affection, or bodily infirmity unfitting him, or likely to unfit him for the Civil Service of India.
(d) That he is of good moral character.
COVENANTED and UN-COVENANTED
A Covenanted Civilian or an officer of the Army in civil employ, is obliged to retire after a certain period of service, unless it is injurious to the public interest that he should do so; but an Un-covenanted officer in a superior grade,
who has attained the age of fifty-five years, may be required to retire, unless the Local Government considers him efficient, and permits him to remain in the service. There is thus a clear distinction between the two classes of officers; for the former class is required, as a rule, to retire; while the latter is required, as a rule, to be retained, the result, in both cases alike, being decided by what is most expedient in the public interests.